Testing
Backend TDD has a straightforward feedback loop: write a test for an endpoint or function, watch it fail, implement the minimum code to pass it. But the specifics matter — how you structure tests, what you mock, and where you draw boundaries between unit and integration tests. The Backend TDD Stack
Testing
Unit tests verify logic in isolation. End-to-end tests verify user-visible behavior. Neither tells you whether your distributed system's observability is correct — whether the traces you're emitting are complete, correctly named, and carrying the right attributes. Asserting on OpenTelemetry spans in integration tests fills
Testing
Audit logs are one of the most frequently under-tested components in production systems. Teams write careful tests for business logic, API endpoints, and database queries — but the logging subsystem that records who did what and when often goes untested until a compliance audit or security incident reveals that it