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Database
* Use the expand/contract pattern: never rename or drop in a single migration * Test backward compatibility by running old app code against the new schema before cutover * Shadow tables let you verify data integrity without touching production reads/writes * Index migrations must be tested for lock acquisition time, not just
Testing Strategy
Schema-driven testing uses API specifications — OpenAPI, JSON Schema, AsyncAPI — as executable contracts. Instead of writing tests manually, you derive them from the spec. This catches structural bugs, breaking changes, and edge cases before they reach production, often without writing a single test by hand. Key Takeaways A schema is
Docker
Dockerfiles are code. Treat them like code. Use hadolint to catch anti-patterns at write time, container-structure-test to verify what your image actually contains, and layer inspection to keep builds lean and fast. This guide walks through a practical testing pipeline for Dockerfiles from lint to CI enforcement.
Scala
ScalaTest is the most widely used testing framework for Scala, offering multiple spec styles to match different team preferences. This post covers when to use FlatSpec, FunSuite, and WordSpec, how to write expressive matchers, manage shared fixtures, tag tests for selective runs, and speed things up with parallel execution. ScalaTest
Testing
Docker networks and volumes are often taken for granted in test setups, but they're the source of subtle bugs that only appear in multi-container environments. This guide covers how to test network connectivity between containers, validate volume behavior, and catch data persistence issues before production. Why Network
Property-Based Testing
ScalaCheck brings Haskell's QuickCheck to the JVM, leveraging Scala's type system and functional programming features. This deep dive covers advanced Gen combinators, Arbitrary instances, stateful Commands testing, and integration patterns with Scala's major test frameworks. ScalaCheck Architecture ScalaCheck is built around three core concepts:
Testing
ScalaCheck's basic API — forAll, Gen.choose, Arbitrary — covers most property-based testing needs. But real production code involves domain types, complex constraints, and stateful systems. This guide covers the advanced ScalaCheck features that handle those cases: custom generators with combinators, custom Shrink instances, and the Commands API for
Testing
Docker layer caching reuses unchanged build steps across runs. Order Dockerfile instructions from least to most frequently changing — dependencies before source code. Use BuildKit cache mounts (--mount=type=cache) to persist package manager caches across builds without baking them into image layers. In CI, use registry-based caching with cache-
Testing
MUnit is a Scala testing library from the Scalameta team that has become the default choice for many modern Scala projects — particularly those using Scala 3, Cats Effect, or http4s. It prioritizes readable failure messages, minimal boilerplate, and first-class support for functional effect systems. Why MUnit Over ScalaTest ScalaTest&
Testing
Trivy scans Docker images for vulnerabilities in OS packages and language-specific dependencies (npm, Maven, pip, Go modules). Run it locally with trivy image myapp:latest. In CI, use --exit-code 1 --severity CRITICAL,HIGH to fail builds on serious findings. False positives can be suppressed with a .trivyignore file.
Testing
Operational technology (OT) environments present testing challenges that differ fundamentally from enterprise IT. A misconfigured test in a water treatment plant's SCADA system can trigger false alarms that cause operators to miss real events. A botched regression test after a patch can leave a substation's RTUs
Docker
Container security scanners (Trivy, Grype, Docker Scout) analyze Docker images for known CVEs in OS packages and application dependencies. This guide covers running scans locally, integrating into GitHub Actions, enforcing severity thresholds, and reducing attack surface by choosing minimal base images. Every Docker image is a bundle of OS packages